diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b98f3b34..59b8ecbc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 ### Fixed
 
 - `ya pkg` fails to write `package.toml` when the config directory does not exist ([#3482])
+- A race condition generating unique filenames for concurrent file operations ([#3494])
 
 ## [v25.12.29]
 
@@ -1578,3 +1579,4 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/):
 [#3467]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3467
 [#3477]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3477
 [#3482]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3482
+[#3494]: https://github.com/sxyazi/yazi/pull/3494
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
index c8739819..28d38f3d 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/provider/traits.rs
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ pub trait Provider: Sized {
 		}
 	}
 
+	fn create_new(&self) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<Self::File>> {
+		async move { self.gate().write(true).create_new(true).open(self.url()).await }
+	}
+
 	fn gate(&self) -> Self::Gate { Self::Gate::default() }
 
 	fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> impl Future<Output = io::Result<()>>
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
index 503d12f9..8c64c5a0 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/file.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-use std::{hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}, mem};
+use std::mem;
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow};
 use tokio::{io::{self, ErrorKind::NotFound}, sync::mpsc};
 use tracing::warn;
 use yazi_config::YAZI;
 use yazi_fs::{Cwd, FsHash128, FsUrl, cha::Cha, ok_or_not_found, path::path_relative_to, provider::{Attrs, FileHolder, Provider, local::Local}};
-use yazi_shared::{path::PathCow, timestamp_us, url::{AsUrl, UrlBuf, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
-use yazi_vfs::{VfsCha, maybe_exists, must_be_dir, provider::{self, DirEntry}, unique_name};
+use yazi_shared::{path::PathCow, url::{AsUrl, UrlCow, UrlLike}};
+use yazi_vfs::{VfsCha, maybe_exists, provider::{self, DirEntry}, unique_file};
 
 use super::{FileInCopy, FileInDelete, FileInHardlink, FileInLink, FileInTrash};
-use crate::{LOW, NORMAL, TaskIn, TaskOp, TaskOps, ctx, file::{FileInCut, FileInDownload, FileInUpload, FileOutCopy, FileOutCopyDo, FileOutCut, FileOutCutDo, FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut}, ok_or_not_found, progress_or_break};
+use crate::{LOW, NORMAL, TaskIn, TaskOp, TaskOps, ctx, file::{FileInCut, FileInDownload, FileInUpload, FileOutCopy, FileOutCopyDo, FileOutCut, FileOutCutDo, FileOutDelete, FileOutDeleteDo, FileOutDownload, FileOutDownloadDo, FileOutHardlink, FileOutHardlinkDo, FileOutLink, FileOutTrash, FileOutUpload, FileOutUploadDo, Transaction, Traverse}, hook::{HookInOutCopy, HookInOutCut}, ok_or_not_found, progress_or_break};
 
 pub(crate) struct File {
 	ops:     TaskOps,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl File {
 		let id = task.id;
 
 		if !task.force {
-			task.to = unique_name(task.to, must_be_dir(&task.from))
+			task.to = unique_file(mem::take(&mut task.to), task.init().await?.is_dir())
 				.await
 				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl File {
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn copy_do(&self, mut task: FileInCopy) -> Result<(), FileOutCopyDo> {
-		ok_or_not_found!(task, provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, Transaction::unlink(&task.to).await);
 		let mut it =
 			ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.from, &task.to, task.cha.unwrap()).await)?;
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl File {
 		let id = task.id;
 
 		if !task.force {
-			task.to = unique_name(mem::take(&mut task.to), must_be_dir(&task.from))
+			task.to = unique_file(mem::take(&mut task.to), task.init().await?.is_dir())
 				.await
 				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl File {
 	}
 
 	pub(crate) async fn cut_do(&self, mut task: FileInCut) -> Result<(), FileOutCutDo> {
-		ok_or_not_found!(task, provider::remove_file(&task.to).await);
+		ok_or_not_found!(task, Transaction::unlink(&task.to).await);
 		let mut it =
 			ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.from, &task.to, task.cha.unwrap()).await)?;
 
@@ -182,9 +182,8 @@ impl File {
 
 	pub(crate) async fn link(&self, mut task: FileInLink) -> Result<(), FileOutLink> {
 		if !task.force {
-			task.to = unique_name(task.to, must_be_dir(&task.from))
-				.await
-				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
+			task.to =
+				unique_file(task.to, false).await.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
 
 		Ok(self.queue(task, NORMAL))
@@ -229,9 +228,8 @@ impl File {
 		let id = task.id;
 
 		if !task.force {
-			task.to = unique_name(task.to, must_be_dir(&task.from))
-				.await
-				.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
+			task.to =
+				unique_file(task.to, false).await.context("Cannot determine unique destination name")?;
 		}
 
 		super::traverse::<FileOutHardlink, _, _, _, _, _>(
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ impl File {
 		let cha = task.cha.unwrap();
 
 		let cache = ctx!(task, task.url.cache(), "Cannot determine cache path")?;
-		let cache_tmp = ctx!(task, Self::tmp(&cache).await, "Cannot determine download cache")?;
+		let cache_tmp = ctx!(task, Transaction::tmp(&cache).await, "Cannot determine download cache")?;
 
 		let mut it = ctx!(task, provider::copy_with_progress(&task.url, &cache_tmp, cha).await)?;
 		loop {
@@ -413,7 +411,8 @@ impl File {
 			Err(anyhow!("Failed to work on: {task:?}: remote file has changed since last download"))?;
 		}
 
-		let tmp = ctx!(task, Self::tmp(&task.url).await, "Cannot determine temporary upload path")?;
+		let tmp =
+			ctx!(task, Transaction::tmp(&task.url).await, "Cannot determine temporary upload path")?;
 		let mut it = ctx!(
 			task,
 			provider::copy_with_progress(cache, &tmp, Attrs {
@@ -461,22 +460,6 @@ impl File {
 		};
 		Ok(if follow { Cha::from_follow(url, cha).await } else { cha })
 	}
-
-	async fn tmp<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
-	where
-		U: AsUrl,
-	{
-		let url = url.as_url();
-		let Some(parent) = url.parent() else {
-			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Url has no parent"))?
-		};
-
-		let mut h = foldhash::fast::FixedState::default().build_hasher();
-		url.hash(&mut h);
-		timestamp_us().hash(&mut h);
-
-		unique_name(parent.try_join(format!(".{:x}.%tmp", h.finish()))?, async { false }).await
-	}
 }
 
 impl File {
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
index 2a1a30ce..d4beaadd 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-yazi_macro::mod_flat!(file out progress r#in traverse);
+yazi_macro::mod_flat!(file out progress r#in transaction traverse);
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45abfa80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/transaction.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::{hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher}, io};
+
+use yazi_macro::ok_or_not_found;
+use yazi_shared::{timestamp_us, url::{AsUrl, Url, UrlBuf}};
+use yazi_vfs::{provider, unique_file};
+
+pub(super) struct Transaction;
+
+impl Transaction {
+	pub(super) async fn tmp<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		Self::tmp_impl(url.as_url()).await
+	}
+
+	async fn tmp_impl(url: Url<'_>) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+		let Some(parent) = url.parent() else {
+			Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "Url has no parent"))?
+		};
+
+		let mut h = foldhash::fast::FixedState::default().build_hasher();
+		url.hash(&mut h);
+		timestamp_us().hash(&mut h);
+
+		unique_file(parent.try_join(format!(".{:x}.%tmp", h.finish()))?, false).await
+	}
+
+	pub(super) async fn unlink<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<()>
+	where
+		U: AsUrl,
+	{
+		let url = url.as_url();
+		if ok_or_not_found!(provider::symlink_metadata(url).await, return Ok(())).is_link() {
+			provider::rename(Self::tmp(url).await?, url).await?;
+		}
+
+		Ok(())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs
index 6e367a67..345b5acc 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/file/traverse.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use yazi_vfs::provider::{self};
 
 use crate::{ctx, file::{FileInCopy, FileInCut, FileInDelete, FileInDownload, FileInHardlink, FileInUpload}};
 
-trait Traverse {
+pub(super) trait Traverse {
 	fn cha(&mut self) -> &mut Option<Cha>;
 
 	fn follow(&self) -> bool;
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
index ae8fb014..cc824b0f 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/macros.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ macro_rules! ok_or_not_found {
 		match $result {
 			Ok(v) => v,
 			Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => $not_found,
-			Err(e) => ctx!($task, Err(e))?,
+			Err(e) => $crate::ctx!($task, Err(e))?,
 		}
 	};
 	($task:ident, $result:expr) => {
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
index d83bd2ae..479d54d5 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/fns.rs
@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@ pub async fn maybe_exists(url: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
 	}
 }
 
-#[inline]
-pub async fn must_be_dir(url: impl AsUrl) -> bool {
-	provider::metadata(url).await.is_ok_and(|m| m.is_dir())
-}
-
+// TODO: deprecate
 pub async fn unique_name<F>(u: UrlBuf, append: F) -> io::Result<UrlBuf>
 where
 	F: Future<Output = bool>,
@@ -63,3 +59,62 @@ async fn _unique_name(mut url: UrlBuf, append: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
 
 	Ok(url)
 }
+
+pub async fn unique_file(u: UrlBuf, is_dir: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+	let result = if is_dir {
+		provider::create_dir(&u).await
+	} else {
+		provider::create_new(&u).await.map(|_| ())
+	};
+
+	match result {
+		Ok(()) => Ok(u),
+		Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => _unique_file(u, is_dir).await,
+		Err(e) => Err(e),
+	}
+}
+
+async fn _unique_file(mut url: UrlBuf, is_dir: bool) -> io::Result<UrlBuf> {
+	let Some(stem) = url.stem().map(|s| s.to_owned()) else {
+		return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "empty file stem"));
+	};
+
+	let dot_ext = match url.ext() {
+		Some(e) => {
+			let mut s = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), e.len() + 1);
+			s.push_str(".");
+			s.try_push(e)?;
+			s
+		}
+		None => StrandBuf::default(),
+	};
+
+	let mut name = StrandBuf::with_capacity(url.kind(), stem.len() + dot_ext.len() + 5);
+	for i in 1u64.. {
+		name.clear();
+		name.try_push(&stem)?;
+
+		if is_dir {
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
+		} else {
+			name.push_str(format!("_{i}"));
+			name.try_push(&dot_ext)?;
+		}
+
+		url.try_set_name(&name)?;
+		let result = if is_dir {
+			provider::create_dir(&url).await
+		} else {
+			provider::create_new(&url).await.map(|_| ())
+		};
+
+		match result {
+			Ok(()) => break,
+			Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => {}
+			Err(e) => Err(e)?,
+		};
+	}
+
+	Ok(url)
+}
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
index 35607d86..52d9a011 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/provider.rs
@@ -106,6 +106,13 @@ where
 	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create_dir_all().await
 }
 
+pub async fn create_new<U>(url: U) -> io::Result<RwFile>
+where
+	U: AsUrl,
+{
+	Providers::new(url.as_url()).await?.create_new().await
+}
+
 pub async fn hard_link<U, V>(original: U, link: V) -> io::Result<()>
 where
 	U: AsUrl,
diff --git a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
index 7a6f8243..48aefbbc 100644
--- a/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
+++ b/yazi-vfs/src/provider/providers.rs
@@ -87,6 +87,13 @@ impl<'a> Provider for Providers<'a> {
 		}
 	}
 
+	async fn create_new(&self) -> io::Result<Self::File> {
+		Ok(match self {
+			Self::Local(p) => p.create_new().await?.into(),
+			Self::Sftp(p) => p.create_new().await?.into(),
+		})
+	}
+
 	async fn hard_link<P>(&self, to: P) -> io::Result<()>
 	where
 		P: AsPath,