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some improvements suggested by Joao Medeiros -- also trying to resolve issues re: the new hidepdf ulink role.
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2 changed files with 12 additions and 13 deletions
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@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ you would expect.</para>
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which demonstrate that an IP address is actually active (is being
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used by a host or network device). On many networks, only a small
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percentage of IP addresses are active at any given time. This is
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particularly common with RFC1918-blessed private address space
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particularly common with private address space
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such as 10.0.0.0/8. That network has 16 million IPs, but I have
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seen it used by companies with less than a thousand machines. Host
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discovery can find those machines in a sparsely allocated sea of
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@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ you would expect.</para>
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hosts. Unfortunately for network explorers, many hosts and
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firewalls now block these packets, rather than responding as
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required by <ulink
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url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1122.txt">RFC
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role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1122.txt">RFC
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1122</ulink>. For this reason, ICMP-only scans are rarely
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reliable enough against unknown targets over the Internet.
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But for system administrators monitoring an internal
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@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ you would expect.</para>
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<para>While echo request is the standard ICMP ping query,
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Nmap does not stop there. The ICMP standard (<ulink
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url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc792.txt">RFC
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role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc792.txt">RFC
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792</ulink>) also specifies timestamp request, information
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request, and address mask request packets as codes 13, 15,
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and 17, respectively. While the ostensible purpose for
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@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ you would expect.</para>
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<para>One of the most common Nmap usage scenarios is to scan
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an ethernet LAN. On most LANs, especially those using
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RFC1918-blessed private address ranges, the vast majority of
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private address ranges specified by <ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt">RFC 1918</ulink>, the vast majority of
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IP addresses are unused at any given time. When Nmap tries
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to send a raw IP packet such as an ICMP echo request, the
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operating system must determine the destination hardware
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@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ know that she has been connect scanned.</para>
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<para>While most popular services on the Internet run over the TCP
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protocol, <ulink
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url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc768.txt">UDP</ulink> services
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role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc768.txt">UDP</ulink> services
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are widely deployed. DNS, SNMP, and DHCP
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(registered ports 53, 161/162, and 67/68) are three of the most
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common. Because UDP scanning is generally slower and more difficult
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@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ hosts.</para>
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<para>These three scan types (even more are possible with the
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<option>--scanflags</option> option described in the next section)
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exploit a subtle loophole in the <ulink
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url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793.txt">TCP RFC</ulink> to
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role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793.txt">TCP RFC</ulink> to
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differentiate between <literal>open</literal> and
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<literal>closed</literal> ports. Page 65 says that <quote>if the
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[destination] port state is CLOSED .... an incoming segment not
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@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ ports, then those three may very well be the truly open ones.</para>
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described the technique in Phrack Magazine issue #49 (November 1996).
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Nmap, which included this technique, was released two issues later.
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This technique is exactly the same as null, FIN, and Xmas scans, except
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that the probe is FIN/ACK. According to RFC 793 (TCP), a RST packet
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that the probe is FIN/ACK. According to <ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc793.txt">RFC 793</ulink> (TCP), a RST packet
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should be generated in response to such a probe whether the port is
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open or closed. However, Uriel noticed that many BSD-derived systems
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simply drop the packet if the port is open.</para>
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@ -1390,7 +1390,7 @@ after retransmissions, the protocol is marked
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<listitem>
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<para>An interesting feature of the FTP protocol (<ulink
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url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc959.txt">RFC 959</ulink>) is
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role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc959.txt">RFC 959</ulink>) is
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support for so-called proxy FTP connections. This allows a user to
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connect to one FTP server, then ask that files be sent to a
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third-party server. Such a feature is ripe for abuse on many levels,
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@ -1742,8 +1742,7 @@ way.</para>
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<para>OS detection enables several other tests which make use
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of information that is gathered during the process anyway. One of these
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is uptime measurement, which uses the TCP timestamp option (RFC
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1323) to guess when a machine was last rebooted. This is only
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is uptime measurement, which uses the TCP timestamp option (<ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1323.txt">RFC 1323</ulink>) to guess when a machine was last rebooted. This is only
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reported for machines which provide this information. Another is
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TCP Sequence Predictability Classification. This measures
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approximately how hard it is to establish a forged
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@ -2679,7 +2678,7 @@ support the option completely, as does UDP scan.</para>
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<indexterm><primary>--ip-options</primary></indexterm>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0791.txt">IP
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<para>The <ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791.txt">IP
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protocol</ulink> offers several options which may be placed in
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packet headers. Unlike the ubiquitous TCP options, IP options
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are rarely seen due to practicality and security concerns. In
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@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ if(s) code_to_be_done_on_match end
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<para>
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checks whether an IP address, provided as a string in
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dotted-quad notation, is part of the non-routed private IP address
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space, as described in RFC 1918. These addresses are the well known
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space, as described in <ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt">RFC 1918</ulink>. These addresses are the well known
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<literal>10.0.0.0/8</literal>,<literal>192.168.0.0/16</literal> and
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<literal>172.16.0.0/12</literal> networks.
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</para>
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@ -2573,7 +2573,7 @@ try(socket:send(result))
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character. The server should then respond with a string of the
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form <literal><replaceable>port-on-server</replaceable>, <replaceable>port-on-client</replaceable>:<replaceable>response-type</replaceable>:<replaceable>address-information</replaceable></literal>. In case of an error the address
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information is omitted. This description is sufficient for our
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purposes, for more details refer to <ulink url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1413.txt">RFC 1413</ulink>. The protocol cannot be modeled in Nmap's version
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purposes, for more details refer to <ulink role="hidepdf" url="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1413.txt">RFC 1413</ulink>. The protocol cannot be modeled in Nmap's version
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detection language for two reasons. The first is that you need
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to know both the local and the remote port of a
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connection. Version detection does not provide this data. The
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