From 051a5b72e06b0c783e8c51b76db651f9934b767f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:48:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Preferentially evict transient images before non-transient
 ones under storage pressure

---
 kitty/graphics.c        |  9 ++++++---
 kitty_tests/graphics.py | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kitty/graphics.c b/kitty/graphics.c
index 9705ea8a4..43d23acf5 100644
--- a/kitty/graphics.c
+++ b/kitty/graphics.c
@@ -287,9 +287,12 @@ apply_storage_quota(GraphicsManager *self, size_t storage_limit, id_type current
     if (!sorted) fatal("Out of memory");
     Image **p = sorted;
     iter_images(self) { *p++ = i.data->val; }
-#define oldest_img_first(a, b) ((*a)->atime < (*b)->atime)
-    QSORT(Image*, sorted, num_images, oldest_img_first);
-#undef oldest_img_first
+#define transient_or_older_first(a, b) ( \
+    (*a)->root_frame.transient != (*b)->root_frame.transient ? \
+    (*a)->root_frame.transient > (*b)->root_frame.transient : \
+    (*a)->atime < (*b)->atime)
+    QSORT(Image*, sorted, num_images, transient_or_older_first);
+#undef transient_or_older_first
 
     for (p = sorted; self->used_storage > storage_limit && num_images; p++, num_images--) remove_image(self, *p);
     if (!num_images || !vt_size(&self->images_by_internal_id)) self->used_storage = 0;  // sanity check
diff --git a/kitty_tests/graphics.py b/kitty_tests/graphics.py
index 74cab1c00..ec6a0444d 100644
--- a/kitty_tests/graphics.py
+++ b/kitty_tests/graphics.py
@@ -1319,6 +1319,25 @@ class TestGraphics(BaseTest):
         self.ae(g.image_count, 0)
         self.assertEqual(g.disk_cache.total_size, 0)
 
+    def test_transient_image_preferential_eviction(self):
+        # Transient images should be evicted before non-transient ones when
+        # the storage quota is exceeded, regardless of insertion order.
+        s = self.create_screen()
+        g = s.grman
+        g.storage_limit = 36 * 2
+        li = make_send_command(s)
+        # Load a non-transient image first (older atime) and a transient image second.
+        self.assertEqual(li(a='T', i=1).code, 'OK')
+        self.assertEqual(li(a='T', i=2, N=1).code, 'OK')
+        self.assertEqual(g.image_count, 2)
+        # Adding a third image triggers the quota; the transient image (i=2) must be
+        # evicted first even though the non-transient image (i=1) is older.
+        self.assertEqual(li(a='T', i=3).code, 'OK')
+        self.assertEqual(g.image_count, 2)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.image_for_client_id(2), 'transient image should have been evicted')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.image_for_client_id(1), 'non-transient image should survive')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.image_for_client_id(3), 'newly added image should survive')
+
     @unittest.skipIf(Image is None, 'PIL not available, skipping PNG tests')
     def test_cached_rgba_conversion(self):
         from kitty.render_cache import ImageRenderCacheForTesting